How to Make a Telescope by Mechinical Engineering

1] Gather your materials. You'll need a piece of corrugated paper that is about 24 inches in length (this is a ridge material, easily available from paper stores or craft stores). You'll need two magnifying glasses that are NOT the same size. You will also need strong glue, scissors, and a pencil.

If the magnifying glasses are the same size, the telescope won't work.

2] Hold one magnifying glass (the bigger one) between you and the paper. The image of the print will look blurry. Place the second magnifying glass between your eye and the first magnifying glass.

3] Move the second glass forward or backward until the print comes into sharp focus. You will notice that the print appears larger and upside down.

4] Wrap the paper around one of the magnifying glasses. Mark the diameter on the paper with the pencil. Make sure that it is pulled tight.

5] Measure along the edge of the paper from the first mark. You will need to measure about 1 1/2 inches from the mark. This will create the extra length to glue around the magnifying glass.

6] Cut down the marked line on the paper to the other side. You should be cutting across the width of it (don't cut lengthwise). The paper should be about 24 inches in length on one side. Cut a slot in the cardboard tube near the front opening about an inch (2.5 cm) away. Do not cut all the way through the tube. The slot should be able to hold the large magnifying glass.

7] Cut a second slot in the tube the same distance from the first slot as was written down between the two glasses. 
  
You should now have two lengths of corrugated paper. One piece should be slightly larger than the other

8] Place the two magnifying glasses in their slots (big one at front, little one at back) and tape them in with the duct tape. Leave about 0.5 - 1 inch (1 - 2 cm) of tube behind the small magnifying glass and cut off any excess tube remaining.

9] Glue first length of paper around one of the magnifying glasses.You'll need to glue the edges of the paper together as well, since you've left about 1 1/2 inches of paper

10] Make the second magnifying glass tube. This one will need to be slightly bigger than the first one. Not too much bigger, only so that the first will fit into the second one.

11] Slot the 1st tube into the 2nd. You can now use this telescope for looking at things farther away, although it will be difficult to view the stars clearly. This type of telescope is really good for viewing the moon.

• The images will be upside down,(there is no up or down in space, after all). if you wish to align the image with gravity, you can use two prisms aligned in an "N" shape to correct the image, but you will have to re-position the lenses.

Solar Car

 A homemade simple solar powered ca. A great tutorial for people who enjoy DIY projects. The car is nice because we go about a clever way of using a gearbox to gain a mechanical advantage that allows the drive system to have enough torque to move the vehicle. The solar car also has a rechargeable battery added to it so that the solar panels can charge it and it can travel even when the sun isn't very powerful.

MATERIALS:-

1. Friction activated car.
2. 4 wheels.
3. 3, 1.5 volt solar panels.
4. Elsewhere you must obtain.
5. A small 4.5 volt motor.
6. A small 3.7 volt rechargeable battery.

METHODS:-

1. Setting Up the Solar Panels.

To do this we wire the positive of one solar panel to the negative of the panel beside it. And the positive of that solar panel to the negative of the next solar panel. 

After that glue to solar panels together as seen above.

 2. Attaching the Drive System We now need the gearbox.

We now need the gearbox. To obtain the gearbox take apart the friction powered car.

Once the gearbox is obtained glue it onto the solar panels.

To add structure you can see on the bottom you  attached 2 tooth picks with glue. This improves the structure of the gearbox and solar panel connection and enables it to bear a load more effectively. 

Then take 2 wheels from the tune up kit and attach them onto the axle of the gearbox. Some glue may be needed.

3. Preparing the Motor

The motor will drive the gearbox by simply using friction. To ensure there is enough friction to drive the gearbox you can attach power (3.7 v) to the motor to make it rotate.

Then bring the glue gun to it and add glue to the axle. It is important that the glue does not connect the rotating axle to the stationary, non-rotating part of the motor. 

After a bit of glue is applied it should distribute evenly in a round shape because of the centrifugal force. While the axle was rotating with the blob of glue on it, i pressed my finger against it lightly to flatten the glue out evenly.

4. Completing the Drive System

Then you attach the motor to the gearbox with glue.

Then you attach it so that the glue on the axle will come in contact with the rotation metal piece on the gearbox. by driving that piece, it will transfer power to the wheels and give us a mechanical advantage.

5. Attaching Front Wheels

For the front wheels (YOU CAN) cut a piece of straw out and glued it on the front. I then stuck a toothpick through it and attached wheels on both side.

6. Wiring

First  attach the battery pack with glue to the car.

I then wire the positive of the battery pack to the positive of the solar panels, and the negative of the battery pack to the negative of the solar panels. This makes it so that the solar panels will charge the battery.

Next a switch is attached. One side of the switch is connected to the negative of the solar panel and battery. The other side of the switch goes to the negative of the motor. The positive side of the motor is attached to the positive of the motor and battery. A comprehensive picture can be observed above of what the final circuit should look like.

Once that is complete the car is ready to test.

How to make generator from dc motor

 Generator From Motor. Very Simple.

Here we used two 12 Volts toy/ Old Tap-recorder Motors(From trash). One as a Motor  ( Turbne) and other one as a Generator/alternator. A whitle LED is coneccted as a Load to the Generator Ourput.

Note That this is seems to be a Motor-Generator Set, but No.. Because Motor-Generator  Set ( AC Motor and DC Generator) used as a Convertor (AC to DC and vice versa), and here we used it for glowing an LED ( For showing that how can we use a DC motor as a DC Generator).

MATERIALS:

• 2 Toy or Old Tap recorders Motor (one as a motor and other as a generator).
• 1 LED.
• One big rubber band as a belt.
• 2 pulleys (one small and other is large one).
• Flexi wire.
• 4 screws.
• Wooden piece.
• Metal strip.

METHODS:

1 Install both motors (one as a motor and other one as a generator) on wooden piece tightly by metal strip and tight the screws.
2 Connect both motors (one as a motor and other one as a generator) by rubber band or belt which is fixed in the pulley.
3 Connect an LED to the generator output (Red and black)
4 Connect the motor with 12VDC, and run it as a turbine. It will rotate the armature of generator by belt and current will produce in the generator that will glow the LED.

How to Make a Door Alarm

Door Alarm:-

A homemade alarm might be just the thing to alert you when a nosy sibling is poking around. Even for general home protection, a homemade alarm can take burglars by surprise. Ready yourself for building and mounting your alarm by gathering your materials and preparing the base of the alarm. Build the alarm by wiring together a simple circuit for your buzzer. Install your alarm by attaching components to the board and setting up the pull-string that'll trip your alarm.

MATERIAL:-

1. 1.5 volt battery
2. 1.5 volt mini buzzer
3. Cardboard (like from a cereal box)
4. Electrical tape
5. Glue
6. Insulated wire (3 strands, small gauge)

METHOD:-

1. Tape the battery and buzzer onto your wooden board. Use electrical tape to attach these to the wood. The tape should not interfere with or cover any of the connections for the electrical circuit for the buzzer, nor should it cover the positive (+) or negative (-) ends of the battery.
2. Your buzzer may come with screw holes. For a sturdier alarm, you can screw your buzzer into the wood. Be careful to use short nails so these don't protrude through the board.
3. Wrap the stripped wire around the ends of the clothespin. Wrap one stripped end of two pieces of wire around frontmost divot of the top of the clip-end of the clothespin. Do the same to the bottom of the clip-end of the pin with a separate wire. Twist the stripped wires around the pin until they are tight.
4. When the pin closes, the wires should touch. This will complete the circuit that sets off your alarm.
5. Connect the bottom-pin wire to the battery. Position the wire so it is directly touching the positive (+) end of the battery. Use a piece of electrical tape to fasten the wire in place. If your battery is in a dock or cradle, attach the wire to the positive connector or wire for the cradle and tape it in place
6. Connect one non-battery wire to the buzzer. There should be a small opening in the buzzer where you can insert your wire. There should be two connectors, positive and negative. Touch one of your top clothespin wires directly to the positive input for the buzzer.
7. Alternatively, your buzzer may have wire leads coming off of it. Strip these, if necessary, and twist your non-battery wire to the positive buzzer wire.
8. Break the circuit with a piece of cardboard. Cut a medium sized piece of cardboard to insert between the wires wrapped around the clothespin. Insert the cardboard so that the wires on the clothespin do not touch when it is closed. This will stop the buzzer from going off.Any non-conductive material will work to break your circuit. Try small pieces of paper, wood, or rubber.
9. You may need to fold thin cardboard so there is more distance between wires. Very thin cardboard may not reliably keep the circuit broken.
10. Connect the remaining wires. Attach the stripped end of one of your remaining free clothespin wires to the negative (-) end of the battery. Fasten it with electrical tape. Then, in the same fashion as the first, attached the final clothespin wire to the negative (-) input for the buzzer.
11. After you finish attaching the wire to the buzzer, cover any remaining bare wires with tape. While the circuit is engaged, touching bare wire will result in a shock.
12. Be careful not to knock out the circuit breaker between the wires of your clothespin. Doing so will complete the circuit, and likely cause a small shock when you try to attach the wire to the buzzer.
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14. Test the switch by completing the circuit. Lay your alarm on a flat surface. Open the clothespin and remove the circuit breaker (piece of cardboard). When the clothespin closes, the circuit should complete and the buzzer turn on.
15. The ends of stripped wire on the clothespin should be in good contact. If they aren't or are just barely touching, wrap more wire around the clothespin.
16. When adjusting the clothespin wires, disengage your battery from the circuit to prevent getting shocked.

How to make UV light

SMART PHONES:-

Turn Your Phone Into A Black Light Hack. Its super easy to do!

All it takes is a smartphone with a light, three pieces of small tape and two sharpies. One blue, one purple.

Material:-

1. Smart Phone
2. Scotch Tape
3. Blue Sharpie
4. Purple Sharpie

Methods:-

1. Place a small piece of tape over the LED flash on the back of your iPhone or Android smartphone (will also work on tablets with built-in flashes), which should be close to your rear camera.
2. Color on top of the tape with blue marker so that it covers the flash.
3. Place another piece of tape over top of the flash, and color on top of it with blue marker as well.
4. Place a third and final piece of tape over the flash, but this time color over the flash with your purple marker.
5. You're done! Enjoy the lights
   
   
   

How to make invisible ink

Invisible ink is any substance that you can use to write a message that is invisible until the ink is revealed. You use the ink by writing your message with it using a cotton swab, dampened finger, fountain pen, or toothpick.

MATERIALS:-

1. Highlighter (I got a pack of 4 different colors for only $1)
2. 1 cup (plastic works best, so you don't have to worry about washing it out)                     
3. 3 Tablespoons hot water
4. Cotton swab
5. Pliers

METHODS:-

Step 1:Take Apart the Highlighter

Start by taking the cap off. set aside.
Using the pliers, grab and pull of the front plastic piece of the marker.
Next, slide the ink cartridge out of the back of the marker.
Then, also using the pliers, pull the tip of the marker out.

Step 2: Extract the Ink

Place the foam ink cartridge and marker tip in the plastic cup
Poor the 3 tablespoons of hot water over the cartridge
Let the ink cartridge soak for about 5 minutes
Squeeze all excess ink from the cartridge, then let soak a little more. repeat until the cartridge is a light color, and the water is dark.

Step 3: Test the Ink

Using a cotton swab, dip one end into the ink.
tap all excess ink off.
write something on your arm. I did a G for green.
if it you can see it on your arm, then you didn't get enough off the excess ink off. just dab the excess off your arm, and it will be fine.
Go into a dark room, turn on a black light or UV light, and watch the message glow!

How to make a Volcano

A chemical reaction between vinegar and baking soda creates a gas called carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the same type of gas used to make the carbonation in sodas. What happens if you shake up a soda? The gas gets very excited and tries to spread out. There is not enough room in the bottle for the gas to spread out so it leaves through the opening very quickly, causing an eruption.

NOTE: This should be done, outside due to the mess.

MATERIAL:-                    

1. 10 ml of dish soap
2. 100 ml of cold water
3. 400 ml of white vinegar
4. Food coloring
5. Baking soda slurry (fill a cup about ½ with baking soda, then fill the rest of the way with water)
6. Empty 2 liter soda bottle.

METHOD:-

1. Combine the vinegar, water, dish soap and 2 drops of food coloring into the empty soda bottle.
2. Use a spoon to mix the baking soda slurry until it is all a liquid.
3. Eruption time!  Pour the baking soda slurry into the soda bottle quickly and step back.

How to Make Galaxy Slime

How to Make Galaxy Slime

Galaxies are a dazzling sight to many, and slime is a fun and useful "toy" that many enjoy playing with. Why not combine the two and create a fun slime that also looks quite neat? A sparkly and stretchy slime that reminds you of the universe is both fun to make and stretch, and squish, and poke.

MATERIAL:-

1. 360 milliliter (13 imp fl oz; 12  fl oz) clear liquid glue (white glue is a substitute for it, but the clear glue looks better).
2. 300 milliliter (11 imp fl oz; 10  fl oz) water.
3. Dark blue, Black, Pink, Purple food coloring. 
4. Fine glitter
5. Regular glitter.

METHOD:-

• Add 1 teaspoon of borax to 500 milliliter of hot water. Stir it thoroughly and then set it aside to cool.

• Separate the glue into three bowls. Pour about 120 milliliter  of clear glue into each bowl.

• Pour 100 milliliter of water into each bowl.

• Add both the blue and black food coloring into one bowl,  pink food coloring into the second bowl, and  purple food coloring into the third bowl.

• Shake both types of glitter into each bowl.

• Use a stick to combine the glue, water, food coloring, and glitter. When fully combined, the glue, glitter, and color will be evenly dispersed, and won't "clump" in certain areas.

• Pour a third of the borax mixture into one bowl. Stir quickly and thoroughly as the slime begins to stick together.

• Repeat with the other two slime mixtures.

• Knead the slime with your hands. At this point, if the slime is still fairly watery, knead it with your hands to help it gain a more solid shape.

• Carefully combine the slime  by kneading them together. Don't blend them too much, or they'll end up losing their color.

• Play with your sparkly galaxy slime. 

ENJOY AND HAVE FUN

Rainbow in a Jar

Rainbow in a Jar 

This resembles what you see when you shine light through a prism. The glass splits the white light up into its different frequencies. 

Materials:

• 1 jar
• 1/2 cup blue dishwashing liquid  
  
• 1/2 cup olive oil
• 1/2 cup rubbing alcohol
• 1/2 cup light corn syrup
• Food coloring
• 5 spoons
• 5 bowls for mixing

Procedure:

1. Make your purple layer by mixing 1/2 cup of the light corn syrup with 1 drop of blue and 1 drop of red food coloring.
2. Carefully pour it into the bottom of your jar.
3. Carefully pour the blue dish soap down the side of the jar.
4. Mix 1/2 cup of water with 2 drops of green food coloring.
5. Carefully pour in your green water down the side of the jar.
6. Gently pour 1/2 cup olive oil down the side of your jar.
7. Mix 1/2 cup of rubbing alcohol with 2 drops of red food coloring.
8. Carefully pour the red rubbing alcohol down the inside of your jar.
9. Being careful not to disturb your liquids, set your jar down on the table and enjoy your rainbow. 
10. Your Rainbow is ready

Movable Pulley

DEFINE:-

A movable pulley is a pulley that is free to move up and down, and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope. Examples of movable pulleys include construction cranes, modern elevators, and some types of weight lifting machines at the gym.

Materials:-

• 2 tall surfaces of the same height (tables, countertops, or a countertop and a table)
• 3 2”x4” wood planks, long enough to span the distance between the tall surfaces
• 4 fixed pulleys
• 2 movable pulleys
• Rope that fits the pulleys
• Screws
• Screwdriver or drill
• Toolbox with handle
• Tools, books, and other objects to add weight to the toolbox
• Scale

Procedure:-

1. Using the screws and your screwdriver or drill, attach one fixed pulley to a point slightly off-center on one of your 2”x4” plank.
2. Feed the rope through the pulley.
3. Feed one end of the rope through a moveable pulley.
4. Attach the end of the rope fed though the movable pulled to the 2x4 plank, about 1 foot away from the fixed pulley.
5. Set the wooden plank between two high surfaces so the pulleys are facing down. 
6. Attach the handle of the toolbox to the movable pulley.
7. Place different objects in the toolbox until it is heavy. Weigh the toolbox on the scale.
8. Pull down on the free end of the rope and lift the toolbox. Record your observations. How much can you lift with the assistance of the movable pulley ?

I hope you enjoy

Fixed pulley

Materials

• 2 tall surfaces of the same height (tables,countertop and a table)
• 3 2”x 4” wood planks, long enough to span the distance between the tall surfaces
• 4 fixed pulleys
• 2 movable pulleys
• Rope that fits the pulleys
• Screws
• Screwdriver or drill
• Toolbox with handle
• Tools, books, and other objects to add weight to the toolbox
• Scale.

Fixed pulley

1. Using the screws and a screwdriver or drill, attach one fixed pulley to the center of a 2 x 4 plank.
2. Feed the rope through the pulley.
3. Attach one end of the rope to the toolbox handle.
4. Place a few objects in the toolbox until it feels heavy. Weigh the toolbox on the scale. Record its weight.
5. Set the wooden plank between your two tall surfaces so the pulley is facing down.
6. Pull down on the free end of the rope and lift the toolbox. Record your observations. How much can you lift with the assistance of the fixed pulley?
7. This is the today project I hope you will like.
8. I am hardly requesting please in adult supervision. 
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